R (programming language)

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R is a free, open-source programming language designed mainly for statistical computing, data analysis, and data visualization. It was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland in the early 1990s and was strongly influenced by the earlier S programming language. R supports several programming styles, including functional, procedural, and object-oriented programming, and is available on Windows, macOS, and Linux. It is widely used in statistics, data science, bioinformatics, research, and education because it combines powerful mathematical and statistical capabilities with flexible visualization tools. 

A major strength of R is its enormous ecosystem of packages, which extend the language with specialized tools for statistical modelling, machine learning, time-series analysis, data manipulation, scientific reporting, and graphics. Popular collections such as tidyverse simplify data cleaning, transformation, modelling, and visualization, while tools such as R Markdown, Quarto, and knitr support reproducible research and reporting. R can be used through its command line or through environments such as RStudio, Jupyter, and Google Colab, making it suitable for both interactive exploration and larger analytical projects.


R Programming